Air cleanliness in residential, workrooms is extremely necessary. Agree, the musty atmosphere in the house is very unpleasant. However, the change in air volume is achieved not only by the influx of air, but also by its removal from the walls of the building. And with the latter task, exhaust ventilation systems often do not cope.
Modern buildings, whether it be multi-level office complexes, residential facilities, sports complexes or industrial workshops, consist of spacious, high-ceilinged rooms. For regular replacement of air in them, a forced exhaust by several roof-mounted ventilation devices is required.
We will tell you how ventilation equipment is selected, how the fans are mounted on the roof, and why it is impossible to do without a glass here.
Roof Fan Features
These appliances are for roof mounting only. They are most effective in systems of forced ventilation of objects of large area. By installing roof fans on the building with or without integration into the duct system (for example, above the airport hall), it will be possible to solve the problem of removing contaminated air.
Air handling units are able to remove smoky, exhausted (with impurities, unpleasant odors), gassed and saturated with moisture air from the large-sized premises. The use of roof fans is possible for both aboveground and some underground facilities.
Ventilation devices placed on buildings are divided into axial, radial and diagonal, depending on the method of capturing and venting air.
Types of ventilating structures
Axial fans They combine simplicity of design, reliable performance and easy maintenance. Structural endurance allows them to be equally effectively used both for air exchange and when creating smoke-free ventilation, as well as for air back-up in a fire (work at an air flow temperature of over 400aboutWITH).
Thanks to the simple design, axial (axial) ventilation units can easily cope with the removal of high-temperature and aggressive air
The devices are highly resistant to chemical compounds in the composition of the removed air, which allows mounting axial fans on the roof of industrial facilities in the pharmaceutical and chemical fields of activity.
Most household fans belong to this group: duct devices, devices installed in wall supply and exhaust valves, fans for bathrooms, combined and separate bathrooms.
Radial fans. For these ventilation devices, a snail case is characteristic, directing air at right angles to the impeller with centrifugal rotation. They can pump air volumes containing mechanical pollutants in concentrations up to 100 mg / m3, regularly remove air even in strong winds.
The characteristic structure of the blades provides the device with high performance, but also high noise. Therefore, radial roof fans are mainly used in industrial facilities. The temperature of the air pumped out by the radial device must be less than 80aboutWITH.
Although these ventilation devices allow operation in fairly mild conditions, this compensates for their high power
Diagonal fans. These ventilation devices are a combination between axial and radial models. Their suction impeller draws air in the axial direction, and deflects it by 45 before airflowabout. This gives an increase in power due to the centrifugal force characteristic of radial fans.
The combination of the qualities of axial and radial roof ventilation units provides diagonal efficiency models up to 80%. With sufficient power, radial roof fans are relatively compact and quiet.
Flat Reinforced Roof Aisle Units
The output of ventilation channels through the layers of the roofing “pie” of flat roofs is possible only when using a special technical unit for the passage of the roof.
This structural element compensates for dynamic and static loads exerted by a working ventilation device. Also, a ready-made passage unit simplifies waterproofing work in the ventilation outlet sector.
The convenience of a brick building as a glass - the possibility of laying at the installation site of the ventilation device. However, in terms of the quality of waterproofing and the convenience of installing a fan, a brick glass loses both to steel and reinforced concrete
On reinforced concrete upper floors assembled from slabs or poured into formwork using corrugated board, the passage units can be laid out of brick, formed by a strip foundation or concrete casting. Outwardly, it looks like a ventilation shaft raised above the roof level, on the headband of which a fan is mounted.
However, such a design of the passage assembly is ineffective, since it creates difficulties with mounting fans and a lot of difficulties with waterproofing adjacent sections.
A reinforced concrete passage unit, which is an improved version of the Soviet ST series, will allow mounting an exhaust ventilation system on reinforced concrete floors. This product consists of two reinforced concrete shells (glasses) - a cylindrical internal and a four- or six-sided external parallelepiped.
The reference is the outer glass. Thanks to its edges, it is easy to waterproof it along the perimeter of the junction with the main roof covered with a rolled carpet. The round tube shaped as a round pipe is covered with heat insulation from the outside. The outer cup of the roof aisle assembly is equipped with monolithic anchor fasteners with reinforced concrete base of the roof and with a roof fan.
Reinforced concrete double-shell glasses can be installed on floors and gently sloping slopes with high bearing capacity with a slope of up to 12about. It is required to choose a model that meets not only the parameters of the roof fan, but also with a slope of the bottom equal to the actual slope of the roof. The weight of a double-case reinforced concrete node of the roof passage is over 300 kg.
Installation of reinforced concrete glass
Before lifting the cup assembly of the passage to the roof, the visible metal elements and welds on the reinforced concrete product must be prepared - cleaned, coated with primer, then painted in two layers with an anti-corrosion compound. The outer surface of the outer shell should be puttied, apply weather-resistant paint.
To lift a massive glass (about 300 kg) on the roof, slings and a truck crane are needed. Exposing the outer shell of the glass to the mounting location should be performed on the M200 cement-sand mortar.
The obvious advantages of reinforced concrete cans are their relative cheapness and resistance to vibration loads. And its disadvantage is a significant mass that limits the scope of use
Anchoring reinforced concrete cans to the floor slab is carried out with the installation of embedded parts. If fastening is carried out to a bearing roofing layer of reinforced concrete slabs, it is better to make through installation of the glass by installing tie rod reinforcing bolts in the joints between the slabs.
Near the walls of the base of the installed glass, an inclined screed is made with M150 solution. To insulate the perimeter near the node of the passage of the roof, a mineral wool plate is placed under the screed. A layer of waterproofing roll materials is deposited over the screed.
Along the junction line of waterproofing materials with a glass, their edges are lapped onto its walls, closed with a galvanized apron and fixed with galvanized dowels. The seam along the line of abutment of the apron to the walls of the reinforced concrete glass is filled with sealant (polyurethane, thiokol).
Installing a roof fan in a reinforced concrete glass
The installation of roof fans in monolithic and slab reinforced concrete floors of industrial facilities is carried out using standard double-case reinforced concrete glasses with an inner diameter of 700 to 1450 mm and a height of 400 mm.
Recall that before mounting the fan, the glass should become a constructive part of the reinforced concrete slab of the roof.
In the upper and lower ends of the reinforced-concrete unit of the roof passage, there are wooden mortgages for fixing to the roof, for fixing the ventilation unit
To fix the fan, mortar anchor bolts are monolithic in the upper part of the reinforced concrete cup with cement-sand mortar, in the lower part are the tubes through which the bolts for fastening the fan tray are passed. After preparing the anchor fasteners, a slope from the M150 solution is created along the top of the glass.
Before installation, a revision of the design of the fan and its electric motor is carried out. The clearance between the shell (or inlet) and the impeller is checked.
Then, a non-return valve is attached to the branch pipe of the roof fan, which automatically opens during the operation of the ventilation unit and overlaps the section of the branch pipe when it is turned off.
If according to the project, a duct network is connected to the fan, the branch pipe (first link) should be connected to the ventilation unit before its installation in the reinforced concrete can. Ducts are fixed on building structures, their weight should not affect the ventilation device.
Installation sequence
Given the massiveness of the ventilation device, it must be handled very carefully.
The installation procedure is as follows:
- The fan is manually set above the glass using a truck crane or using jacks. The vibration-isolating part of the fan is fixed (if the device is equipped with it) with standard bushings and locking bolts;
- The fan is mounted on a glass, on the head of which a rubber gasket is placed. Anchor bolts are inserted into the holes of the mounting flange;
- The horizontal position of the device is verified by level. Mounted visor. Nuts and locknuts are screwed onto anchor bolts;
- The gap between the top of the glass and the shell (or pipe) of the ventilation device is filled with construction sealant.
At the end of the installation, the stroke of the self-opening valve is counterbalanced. From the vibration isolators (if any) on the roof fan, bushings and retaining bolts that previously fixed the vibration isolating elements during transportation of the device are removed.
The power supply is connected, the strength of the connection and the free rotation of the impeller are evaluated, then the correctness of its rotation at startup (in the direction of the arrow).
Modern reinforced concrete cups for mounting fans have a convenient installation section - round inside, square outside
We emphasize that the placement of a condensate pan in the cold months is mandatory. The drain of collected moisture is provided by a drainage pipe with a diameter of 15-20 mm, connected to the coupling at the bottom of the pallet.
Universal nodes of the passage of the roof
These glasses are prefabricated steel structures from a welded square body and front panels with a height of 400 mm.These nodes of the passage can be used both on hard and soft roofs, and with any type of roofing.
Universal metal cups can be equipped with ventilation systems when placed on roofs with a slope of up to 30about.
It is important to equip the ventilation device with a glass that raises it at least half a meter above the roof. Otherwise, moisture from the accumulation of snow can penetrate the ventilation duct.
Base plates located at the top and bottom of the glass are made of 10 mm steel sheet. Additional reinforcement is provided by stiffeners made on the base plates. The structural elements of the product are connected by electric welding, the thickness of the seam is at least 6 mm.
The body of the steel roofing node of the passage is mounted on the base of channels, fixed to the supporting elements of the roof. In the upper part of the body there are welded studs whose positions coincide with the mounting holes on the fan base.
Double walls of the glass with a thickness of 10 and 12 mm contain thermo-noise insulation material. Models without insulation inside the walls are also available. By the way, when equipping a building with a smoke exhaust fan, a metal cup, in addition to increased fire resistance, may require additional external thermal insulation.
A flap valve or an insulated valve equipped with an electric actuator can be installed in the body of the steel cup. To the duct of the lower part of the node of the passage of the roof, a condensate tray and a grate, or the outlet part of the duct, are connected.
The specifics of using a metal cup
The principle of mounting the steel node of the passage of the roof on a rigid roof is almost identical to the order of installation of the reinforced concrete cup. Consider the features of assembling a metal cup on a soft roof.
If the metal cup is equipped with a check valve, then the latter must be mounted before installing the passage assembly in place. There may be transport bolt locks on the valve - they must be removed. Note that when you try to set the valve on the installed glass, most likely it will be skewed.
The advantage of a pad insulated on a steel cup body is to minimize condensate deposits.
Installation of the product is carried out on an opening prepared in the roof, corresponding to the dimensions of the inner section of the glass. It is fixed with anchor bolts on the bearing part of the roof, or another bearing support, capable of holding it and securing it in position. The aisle assembly is always set upright!
Final sealing, namely, a cement-sand screed of the mounting base of the glass, laying out the thermal insulation layers, placement on the contour of skirts and aprons made of galvanized steel and crimp clamps, is carried out according to actual conditions at the installation site of the metal passage unit (roof structure, location and material of the support, etc. .).
The own weight of the glass plus the mass of the fan mounted on it do not allow fixing the structure to the roofing cake. For them, mounting on a supporting support is mandatory
Before mounting the fan on the cup, it is necessary to fix the pallet by preparing 14 mm holes for bolted joints on its side walls.
Installation of the roof fan to the metal cup is carried out with the device fixed to the studs with nuts and washers. Having completed the installation, it remains to close the contour of the gap between the fan and the glass with construction sealant.
The horizontalness of the fan is verified by the level, this is mandatory. The distortions allowed during installation work will damage the operation of the ventilation unit and reduce its service.
Installation sequence on a hard roof and the principle of a radial fan:
In what order is the roof fan installed on a soft roof:
Roof ventilation systems are designed for long service life with minimal maintenance. However, they still need some maintenance: checking the strength of the joints (riveted, bolted, welded), examining the condition of the paintwork of the flow zone of the fan and the blades on the impeller, and cleaning of dust and dirt.
Therefore, the equipment on the roof should be freely accessible in the form of protected paths, so as not to damage the “pie” of the roof, especially soft. For this purpose, rolled mats made of plastic or rubber are suitable.
Do you have useful information on the topic of the article? There is information that is worth sharing with site visitors? Please leave comments, ask questions on controversial and obscure points, post photos in the block below.